South Carolina 
SC Black History SC Slavery
Exact dates vary, but the first African-American slaves are generally believed to have been brought to the United States during the first quarter of the sixteenth century. Over the next 350 years, a total of 10.7 million African-American slaves were shipped to our shores. (An additional 2 million African-American slaves died
en route.)
A giant proportion of these slaves landed in Charleston, making South Carolina especially integral to the slave trade. When it came to buying and selling human beings, our state stood at the forefront, and whether we are white our black, our collective history is inextricably bound to the lives of the families who were shipped and split apart right here in our own markets.
Although some men and women did achieve freedom prior to the Emancipation Proclamation, the vast majority remained enslaved. This guide will help you learn more about slavery in South Carolina, and it also explores the lives of freedmen and black sailors and soldiers prior to the Civil War.
SC Slaves |
SC Freedmen |
SC Soldiers, Sailors |
Related SC Resources
SC Slaves
- Buying and selling human beings - examines slave trade from the shores of Africa to the markets of Charleston, including capture, the Middle Passage, auctions and cost, and the separation of families
- Everyday life - labor and living conditions ... describes work loads, accountability systems, rice cultivation, slave quarters, clothing, and diet
- Everyday death - talks about the constant presence of disease and death in South Carolina's slave community ... also gives info about African-American cemeteries and burial traditions
- In their own words - first-person narratives and histories of South Carolina slaves and ex-slaves
- Black revolts
– Stono Rebellion - 1739 - the largest slave uprising in America prior to the Revolution - scroll down for additional resources
– Denmark Vessey's Conspiracy - 1822 - recounts details surrounding Vessey's plot to overtake Charleston ... includes terms of Gullah Jack's sentence and record of Monday Gell's confessions
- South Carolina's slave population - includes breakdowns by year and explains the relationship between SC's high slave population and the lowcountry's unique suitability to rice culture ... also looks at our slave population compared to other Southern states
- Slavery at South Carolina College, 1801-1865 - documenting the role slaves played in the early years of the college that became the University of South Carolina
- White opinion - collection of online letters, diaries, and books written by nineteenth-century white South Carolinians documenting their attitudes toward slavery
Freedmen
- What was a freedman? - meanings of the word "freedmen" before and after the Civil War
- Free Persons of Color in Charleston, SC, before the Civil War - everything from where they worked to where they lived ... also explains how they obtained their freedom, the competition they faced from white laborers, and the increasing limits imposed on them by South Carolina's fearful white government
- Mitchelville: Experiment in Freedom - begun on Hilton Head Island in 1862 as part of the Port Royal Experiment ... Mitchelville has been called "the place where freedom began" for South Carolina's Sea Island slaves
- A freedman testifies - 1863 - Harry McMillan speaks about black people's lives in bondage and their aspirations in freedom - emphasizes their desire for land
- The Freed Men of South Carolina - 1862 - conditions of Sea Island freedmen according to Port Royal Relief Committee's J. Miller M'Kim
- Brown Fellowship Society - Charleston social club - established 1790 - renamed Century Fellowship Society in 1890 or 1892
– Additional info - explains the Society's role in securing a burial site (photograph) for its members as well as the subsequent desecration of this site (called Macphelah) by the Catholic Diocese ... also mentions the Society for Free Blacks of Dark Complexion (later called the Brotherly Society), a similar organization which established the Ephrath cemetery for people of pure African descent
- Freedmen's Bureau Records - reports that include information on conditions, laws, land grants, and more
- William Ellison, Jr. – Freedman and Slave Owner - some freed slaves in turn purchased slaves themselves - in fact, by 1860, sources say there were 171 black slaveholders in South Carolina - William Ellison, Jr. (born into slavery under the name of "April") was the largest of these slaveholders, owning 63 men, women, and children
Soldiers, Sailors
- Charleston's Free Blacks During the Civil War
- 1st South Carolina Volunteer Infantry, Colored - United States - first regiment of freed slaves in the South ... combined with two other regiments in 1864 and renamed 33rd US Colored Troops
– "Dats what dis regiment did for de Epiopian race" - Thomas Long, former slave and private in the 1st South Carolina Volunteer Infantry, talks about the meaning of black military service in the Civil War
– "Reminiscences of My Life in Camp" - the story of the 33rd US Colored Troops, formerly known as the 1st South Carolina Volunteer Infantry, as told by an African-American regimental laundress who was also the wife of one of the soldiers ... incredible, easy-to-read, and includes photographs - scroll down for text
- 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, Company One - United States
- 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, Company Two - United States
- 105th US Colored Troops - Charleston
- Court Martial of William Walker, 3rd SC Colored Infantry - United States
- Robert Smalls - a Beaufort slave who hijacked a Confederate steamship, disguised himself as a white captain, and sailed to Union safety ... later he became a captain in the US Navy and a representative in the US Congress
Related Resources
